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Pinsala sa marine environment sa ilang bahagi ng West Philippine Sea isinisisi sa China

Mike Manalaysay April 14, 2024 at 04:31 PM

Naobserbahan sa ilang bahagi ng West Philippine Sea (WPS) ang mga durog na corals at sirang coral reefs; nawalang isda, lumot, at yamang-dagat; at iba pang pinsala sa marine environment o buhay sa ilalim ng dagat.

Ang mga nabanggit na pinsala ay nadiskubre at kinunan ng video ng mga divers ng Armed Forces of the Philippines Western Command noong Setyembre 2023 sa seabed o ilalim ng dagat sa Rozul Reef at Escoda Shoal sa WPS na nasa Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) ng Pilipinas at nasa harapan ng katubigan ng lalawigan ng Palawan.

Nakumpirma naman ito ng Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) sa kanilang isinagawang underwater investigation. Ang mga video clips ay isinapubliko ng PCG sa pamamagitan ni PCG spokesman Commodore Jay Tarriela.

Noon 2021 o tatlong taon pa lang ang nakalilipas ay mayaman, buhay na buhay, at masigla ang marine environment sa naturang mga lugar base na rin sa isinagawang pagsusuri at mga video.

Inihayag ni Commodore Tarriela na sa pagpapatrulya ng mga barko ng Pilipinas na BRP Sindangan at BRP Cabra sa naturang mga lugar ay may na-monitor ang mga ito na mga sasakyang pandagat ng Chinese Maritime Militia (CMM) o mga mangingisdang Intsik na direkta umanong tumatanggap ng utos at iba pang instructions mula sa Chinese Coast Guard (CCG).

Ayon pa kay Tarriela, mula Agosto 9 hanggang Setyembre 11, 2023 ay 33 CMM vessels ang na-monitor sa area ng Rozul Reef at 15 CMM vessels naman sa bahagi ng Escoda Shoal.

Kaugnay nito ay nagsagawa aniya ng extensive underwater surveys ang PCG sa Rozul Reef at Escoda Shoal at natuklasang ang seabed sa naturang mga lugar ay halos wala nang buhay.

Durog umano ang mga corals, at nakita rin ang discoloration o pagtamlay ng kulay ng seabed, na isang matibay na indikasyon na may deliberate activities o sinadyang gawin doon upang ibahin ang natural topography ng lugar.

Ayon sa PCG, ang pinsala ng marine environment sa Rozul Reef at Escoda Shoal ay maaaring resulta ng mga gawain ng China roon.

Malaki rin umano ang posibilidad na nangyayari rin ito sa iba pang bahagi ng WPS.

Ayon naman sa non-government organization (NGO) na National Youth Movement for the West Philippine Sea (NYMWPS), sa kabila ng pagkapinsala ng marine environment sa WPS, nakakadismaya umano na walang ginagawang seryosong hakbang ang gobyerno ng Pilipinas para papanagutin ang China.

Sinabi ni NYMWPS Founder and Global Chairperson, Dr. Celia Lamkin, na ilang taon nang nasisira ang marine environment sa WPS dahil sa mga iligal na aktibidad ng China pero hindi man lang ito inirereklamo sa international court of law.

“[D]ahil patuloy ang China sa pagwasak ng ating marine resources ay affected ang kabuhayan at food security ng mga mangingisda at ng bansa,” giit ni Dr. Lamkin.

Ipinaliwanag niya na ang mga isda at iba pang marine organisms ay nakadepende sa mga corals para sa kanilang tirahan, pagkain at reproduksyon o pagpaparami.

“Destroying our corals would mean destroying our ecosystem. Corals would take even ten thousand years before they will be completely formed.”

Binigyang diin din niya ang ulat ng Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) nito lang Pebrero 17 tungkol sa sumbong ng mga mangingisdang Pilipino na sadyang gumagamit ng cyanide ang mga Chinese fishermen para mapigilan ang mga Pilipino sa pangingisda roon.

Ang cyanide ay lason na pumapatay sa mga polyps at algae o lumot na nagsisilbing pagkain ng mga corals na bumubuo ng ocean forest.

Matatandaang iniutos ni Pangulong Ferdinand Marcos na imbestigahan ang naturang bagay. Sinabi niyang kapag may nakalap na konkretong ebidensya ng paggamit ng cyanide ay magsasampa ng kaso ang Pilipinas laban sa China.

Noong March 6, sinabi ni former Supreme Court Associate Justice Antonio Carpio na naghahanda na ang Department of Justice (DOJ) para sa pagsasampa ng kaso laban sa China at paghingi rito ng danyos o kabayaran sa ginawang paninira sa marine environment sa West Philippine Sea.

Ang kaso umanong ihahain ng DOJ ay nakabase sa extensive damages sa Rozul Reef at Escoda Shoal.

Si Carpio at former Supreme Court Justice Francis Jardeleza ay nauna nang nanawagan ng pagsasampa ng environmental damages laban sa China.

Sa isang forum noong October 16, 2023 sa Silliman University, sinabi ni Jardeleza na ang kasong ihahain ng Pilipinas laban sa China ay puwedeng sumentro sa “environmental damage caused by the Chinese government’s land reclamation activities in the area, including its construction of artificial islands.”

Noong 2018, hinamon ni Carpio ang pamahalaan ng Pilipinas at sinabing, “to demand compensation for the destruction of coral reefs in Panatag Shoal, especially since the National Security Council had confirmed that Chinese fishermen were the culprits.”

Naghayag din ng matinding pagkadismaya ang NYMWPS sa ginawa umano ng CMM vessels noong July 2021 na pagtapon sa WPS ng napakaraming dumi ng tao at mga sewage.

“The amount of human waste having been so extensive, it was visible from satellite images as reported by the American-based tech firm, Simularity,” sabi ng NYMWPS.

Noong April 2021, sinabi ng Advocates of Science and Technology for the People (AGHAM), isang organisasyon ng mga Filipino scientist, na tinatayang nalulugi ang Pilipinas ng P1.3 trillion dahil sa pagkasira ng coral reef na resulta ng “China’s intrusion and construction in the West Philippine Sea.”

Noon namang 2017 evaluation ni John McManus, sinabi niya na umaabot sa 160 square kilometers ng coral reefs ang nasira, “including 17 square kilometers wiped out entirely by the construction of artificial islands by China. At least,143 square kilometers of coral reefs had been destroyed.”

Binanggit din ng NYMWPS ang news report noong July 4, 2019 tungkol sa pahayag ng scientist na si Deo Florence Onda ng University of the Philippines’ Marine Science Institute, na “PRC’s illegal fishing, poaching and reclamation activities have resulted in a conservative estimate of P33.1 billion in damages annually across 550 hectares in Panatag (Scarborough) Shoal.”

Ayon sa NYMWPS, mariin nilang kinokondena ang “massive environmental devastation and widespread coral harvesting, illegal fishing and land reclamation operations caused by PRC in the WPS.”

Nakikiisa umano sila sa panawagan sa Philippine government na magsampa ito ng bagong arbitration case laban sa China sa international arbitration sa pamamagitan ng UNCLOS (United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea) tungkol sa pagkasira ng marine environment sa WPS.

  • Screenshot mula sa video ni Commodore Jay Tarriela, PCG
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