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SPECIAL REPORT Agarang aksyon vs plastic wastes, kailangan

Sonny Fernandez November 17, 2023 at 12:13 PM

Tuwing mamamalengke si Maya Resurreccion, may asawa at apat na anak, sa City Mall of Antipolo (CMA) sa Cogeo Gate 2, nakasanayan na niyang magbitbit ng ecobag.

Mahigpit kasi ang Antipolo City government sa pagpapatupad ng batas ng local government laban sa paggamit ng plastic bags sa dry goods pati na rin ng styrofoams.

Pinapayagan pa rin ang mga plastic labo para sa mga isda at iba pang wet goods, pero bawal itong doblehin.

May mga CCTV sa CMA kaya bantay-sarado ang pamilihan.

P500 ang fine sa first offense pa lang batay sa City Ordinance 2009-370 na inaprubahan noon pang 2009.

Sa full scale implementation nito makaraan ang dalawang taon, 92 percent ng 1,261 establishments ang agad namang sumunod sa monitoring nina Jocelyn Masangkay, Officer-in-Charge noon ng City Environment and Waste Management Office (CEWMO) mula November 18 hanggang December 14, 2011, na lumabas sa Philippine Daily Inquirer.

Bukod pa yan sa public markets na sumusunod sa regulasyon tulad ng CMA.

Kasama sa mga nagtaguyod at sumusunod sa city law ang malalaking malls at supermarkets gaya ng SM City Masinag, Ultra Mega, Shopwise, National Book Store, Budget Lane, Mercury Drug, convenience at drug stores.

Inilapat ng ordinansang ito ang Republic Act 9003 o Solid Waste Management Act na isinabatas noong January 2001, sa pang-araw-araw na buhay ng ordinaryong mamamayan na bumibili, gumagamit at nagtatapon ng mga plastic na basura.

Mahigpit pa rin itong ipinatutupad sa Antipolo hanggang sa ngayon.

Sa kasalukuyan, bagaman hindi pa lahat ng 1,592 local government units (LGUs) ang may solid waste management plans (SWMPs), umabot na sa 1, 263 o mataas na 79 percent ang may aprubadong plano sa pamamahala ng basura.

Ayon sa National Solid Waste Management Commission (NSWMC) na pinamumunuan ni Secretary Antonia Loyzaga ng Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), nadagdag dyan ang inaprubahan nila ang waste management plans ng 54 pang cities at municipalities sa buong bansa nitong April 2023.

Ang problema, may dambuhalang empires ang lumalamon sa batas na ito at nababalewala ang nationwide implementation laban sa plastics pollution.

Sa ginawang Food Packaging Forum (FPF) Workshop nung 2022, ibinulgar ni Jorge Emmanuel ng Silliman University na meron na sanang 1.3 million sari-sari stores sa Pilipinas na may aktibong “reuse system”.

Pero ayon kay Emmanuel, winasak lahat ito ng multinational corporations na nagpapagawa ng tingi-tinging packaging na sachet at nagpakalat nito sa buong bansa.

Sa FPF report, sinabi nitong may 164 million sachets ang binibili araw-araw sa Pilipinas pa lamang!

Sa buong mundo 80 percent ng basura sa mga dagat maliban sa open oceans ay binubuo ng mga plastic, ayon sa Nature Sustainability na ibinalita ng Wageningen University ng the Netherlands noong June 11, 2021.

44 percent ay galing sa Top 4 na food packaging – plastic bags, plastic bottles, food containers, cutlery at wrappers.

Ang malala nito, sa pagsasaliksik ng Science Advances noon ding 2021, top plastic polluter sa waterways ang Pilipinas sa buong mundo na tinatayang nagtatapon ng 356, 371 metric tons ng plastic kada taon.

Sinundan ito ng India, Malaysia, China at Indonesia.

At ayon sa World Bank, nagdudumi ng 2.7 million tons ng plastic waste ang Pilipinas kada taon at 20% nito ay napupunta sa dagat.

Kung top ang Pilipinas sa plastics polluter sa dagat, number one naman ang United States of America sa Top 10 plastic waste producers sa buong mundo, na ayon sa World Population Review na inilabas ng Plasticbank.com ay lumilikha ng 34 billion kilograms kada taon.

Sumunod naman ang India, China, Brazil at Indonesia.

Sa Pilipinas, June 2018 pa lang, lumabas sa audit na ginawa ng environmental groups na Global Alliance for Incinerator Alternatives (GAIA) at Mother Earth Foundation na anim sa Top 10 plastic polluters sa anim na malalaking lugar sa bansa ay multinational brands.

Pasok dito ang Unilever, Procter & Gamble, Nestle, Colgate Palmolive at Coca Cola na may kabuuang 75% ng nakolektang basura na hindi natutunaw at hindi rin nare-recycle.

Kasama sa anim na lugar na kinuhanan ng waste samples ang Malabon, Quezon City, Batangas, Nueva Vizcaya, Tacloban at San Fernando.

Sa ginawang 2020 brand audit ng Break From Plastic Movement na ibinahagi ng Greenpeace March 2021, tatlong korporasyon ang responsable sa halos 50 percent ng plastic waste sa bansa.

Nasa Top 3 ang Universal Robina Corporation (URC), Nestle at Colgate Palmolive.

Top plastic polluters din ang Mayorah Indah, Procter & Gamble, Monde Nissin Corporation, Nutri-Asia Inc., Liwayway Holdings at JBC Food Corp.

Kinolekta naman ang waste samples sa Bohol, NCR, at Davao.

Dahil dito, pinalakas pa ang RA 9003 nang amyendahan o baguhin ito ng Republic Act 11898 o yung Extended Producer Responsibility Act, July 2022.

Inoobliga nito ang mga korporasyon na pangasiwaan ang plastic packaging wastes na bumabara sa mga waterways tulad ng mga ilog at nagpupuno ng nga landfill.

Sa kanilang website, inireport ng Unilever, na mula 2019, umabot na sa 13% ang nabawas nila sa paggamit ng virgin plastic footprint mula nang nag-recycle, reuse at refill initiatives sila.

Ang Procter and Gamble, inireport na 73% ng kanilang consumer packaging ay “recyclable at reusable at patuloy anila silang magtatrabaho hanggang maging 100%.

Ang Nestle Philippines naman, ibinida na mula pa noong 1993, “consistently met” o “exceeded” nila ang annual target nilang bawasan ang ginagamit na packaging material ng 1 million kilograms.

Suportado raw nila na ma-recover at ma-recycle ang mga plastic.

At nitong July 2023, ibinida ng Nestle Philippines na nakipag-partner sila sa US Agency for Development (USAID), para palakasin ang kakayahan ng mga barangay sa pamamahala ng basura at mabawasan ang epekto ng climate change.

June 2022 naman, ibinalita sa Malaya.com na pinalawig pa ng Colgate-Palmolive Philippines ang kanilang programa sa plastic waste collection sa Manila, Quezon City at Taguig.

Nagdiwang daw sila ng Green Antz ng unang taon ng plastic management initiative sa Bulacan kung saan kinokolekta ng LGUs, communities at eskwelahan ang basurang plastics at ginagawa namang eco-bricks ng Green Antz para sa “Wash & Brush Stations” sa LGUs.

Ang latest naman sa Universal Robina Corporation, nito lang August, lumabas sa mga balita na pinalawig pa ng URC at Holcim Philippines ang kanilang partnership sa programa na sumusuporta sa community waste sorters para paghiwalayin ang plastic sa mga basura.

Ang basurang nakolekta ay dadalhin sa Norzagaray, Bulacan para gawing alternative fuel at raw materials sa paggawa ng semento.

Nito namang September 2023, ipinasikat ng Coca-Cola Philippines na mula nang ilunsad nila ang World Without Waste 2018, marami na raw silang innovations at partnership sa Pilipinas.

Napakilos daw nila ang partnership sa LGUs at social entrepreneur Plastic Bank Philippines para makakolekta ng 546,000 kilograms ng gamit na plastic bottles na kanilang nire-recycle mula pa noong 2021.

Isang taon matapos ipasa ang landmark Extended Producer Responsibility Act, dismayado ang DENR sa implementation ng batas:

As of July 2023, meron lang 16.55 percent o 662 sa 4,000 enterprises na registered sa Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) ang nakapag-submit ng kanilang plastic waste management.

Paniwala ni Sec Loyzaga, “natatalo ang Pilipinas sa laban kontra plastic wastes, gyera na hindi pwedeng matalo ang bansa.”

Magandang malaman na kumikilos ang mga dambuhalang plastic polluting companies para malinis ang kanilang dumi, pero hindi ito sapat. Napakarami pa ang kailangang abutin ng kanilang mga programa na sumasaklaw pa lang sa ilang piling lugar.

Mas marami pa riyan ang kailangang abutin agad-agad ng DENR at ng buong pamahalaan ni Pangulong Bongbong Marcos Jr.

Higit sa lahat, susi ang pagbabayanihan ng komunidad, gobyerno, pribadong sektor at non-government organizations para mabilis na pigilan ang paglala ng plastic waste at lahat ng klase ng basura.

Ito’y bago pa ibalik ng mga ilog at dagat ang tone-toneladang plastic at iba pang basura sa mga komunidad na siyang pinanggalingan ng mga ito.

Photo/Video: Sonny Fernandez

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